Folklore, a modern term for the of traditional customs, superstitions, stories, dances, and songs that have been adopted and maintained within a given by processes of repetition is not reliant on the written word. Along with folk songs and folktales, this broad of cultural forms embraces all kinds of legends, riddles, jokes, proverbs, games, charms, omens, spells, and rituals, especially those of pre-literate societies or social classes. Those forms of verbal expression that are handed on from one generation or locality to the next by of mouth are said to constitute an oral .