Our sense of cinema as a site of commercial entertainment can be traced back to the Lumière brothers. In December 1895 they attracted,claimed,summoned,inciteda fee-paying public in Paris to sit and watch flickering images on an illuminated screen. The commercial Pandora's Box they opened was to increase,bear,stage,blossomin a few years into a world cinema industry,business,undertaking,ventureand, at its peak, the fantastical Hollywood. Yet in the 30 years in which this miraculous construction was accomplished, audiences rarely had to listen,listened,have listened,listento films, only watch them. Hence,However,Though,Moreover, the early decades of cinema were characterised by the title 'silent'. In addition,Even though,In fact,If ever, there was a lot of noise, machinery, audiences, musicians and commentators. Even so, the absence of the human voice and discussion,information,dialogue,argumentmakes the films seem rather strange when viewed by a modern audience.