Urbanization brings both promise and peril as populations concentrate. Cities foster innovation, cultural exchange, economic opportunity and improved to resources. However, over time overcrowding strains infrastructure and the environment. If not managed, cities struggle with pollution, waste disposal, public health issues, high costs of living and traffic congestion that diminish residents’ of life. An urbanising world must plan habitable, eco-friendly cities and more equitable distribution of resources. Strong social bonds and governance help ensure cities remain livable, creative hubs as they continue to draw rural populations. With conscious development, cities can uplift and support growing populations. But without proper management, urban problems will and cities may become unlivable, as the challenges associated with higher population densities rise exponentially.